Combien coûte une pompe à chaleur géothermique ?
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L'installation d'une pompe à chaleur géothermique coûte en moyenne 12 708 TP4T. La fourchette habituelle est de 1 TP4T2 199 à 1 TP4T21 480, le coût final dépendant du type de système et de la taille de la maison.
- Plage typique : $2,199 to $21,480
- Moyenne nationale : $12,708
Homeowners who are considering ways to increase their home’s efficiency may be thinking about switching their home heating and cooling to a heat pump system. But Qu'est-ce qu'une pompe à chaleur, and how does it work? There are two types of heat pumps: air-source and ground-source. Of the two, ground-source heat pumps, also known as geothermal heat pumps, are the more efficient. Geothermal heat pumps transfer heat to or from the ground to heat or cool a home. No matter the forecast, a geothermal heat pump can deliver energy-efficient heating or cooling, keeping a home comfortable without the inconvenience of skyrocketing energy bills.
But just how much does geothermal energy for homes cost? According to Angi et AccueilAdvisor, the national average cost to install a geothermal heat pump is $12,708, falling within a typical range of $2,199 and $21,480. This guide will help homeowners understand the different types of geothermal heat pumps, the benefits of this type of system, and the ways homeowners can save money on installation and operational costs.
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Factors in Calculating Geothermal Heat Pump Cost
Geothermal installation cost depends on a variety of factors, including system type, home size, installation location, and site conditions. Even geographic location plays a role in geothermal heat pump cost, while factors like tax rebates can offset some of the total price. Installation costs tend to be much higher than for other heating and cooling systems, so having a good understanding of the estimation process can help homeowners stick to their budget. When estimating a geothermal heat exchanger installation, homeowners will want to take the following factors into account.
Type de système
There are four different types of geothermal heat pumps: horizontal, vertical, pond, and open-loop. The first three are considered closed-loop systems. Not all system varieties are available to every homeowner, as lot size and environmental features determine which can and can’t be installed. In general, installation costs range from $2,500 to $5,000 per ton of materials. This means a 5-ton geothermal heat pump cost could be as much as $25,000.
Horizontal loop systems are the least expensive with a price range between $15,000 and $34,000. Vertical loops cost between $20,000 and $38,000, making them the most expensive. The cost of a pond loop system varies depending on the location of the water source, while open-loop systems have a typical price range of $10,000 to $28,000. These system types are discussed in more detail below.
Taille de la maison et du système
Generally speaking, a larger home will require a larger geothermal system to meet its heating and cooling needs. This means more materials and additional labor to get the job done. Whenever more materials or labor hours are added to a job, homeowners can expect the price to increase accordingly.
When it comes to a home’s size, it’s not the number of stories or bedrooms that counts—it’s a home’s square footage. For example, a 2,400-square-foot home needs a 4-ton system (heat pump capacity is measured in tons of refrigeration, with 1 ton being equivalent to 12,000 BTUs).
Geothermal heating costs $4,000 to $8,000 per ton. A 4-ton system can cost as much as $32,000 for a moderate-sized home. Smaller homes will likely have a lower installation cost ranging between $12,000 and $24,000,, while larger homes will need a bigger budget to get the installation done—possibly as much as $48,000.
Energy Efficiency Ratio
Geothermal heat pumps have ratings that are directly related to the product quality, including Energy Efficiency Ratio, or EER. This metric rates a system’s ability to cool an area efficiently. The number is a ratio that puts the heat removed from a home over the total amount of electricity it requires to do so. This means that a higher EER rating is a more efficient system.
Some of the best geothermal heat pumps have an EER rating between 13 and 18. While every brand and model is a bit different, a homeowner can expect to pay more for a pump with a higher EER compared to one with a lower ratio.
Installation Location and Complexity
The cost to install a geothermal system in an open field with minimal obstacles is likely to be less than the cost to install one beneath a driveway. Similarly, a pond system that stretches across a lot is likely to be more expensive than one installed directly next to a residential home.
Every geothermal system installation is unique, and every contractor’s experience is unique as well. Since geothermal heating and cooling are relatively new compared to other options, there can be exceptionally high demand for experienced contractors. This means that any type of obstacle involved with an installation can instantly translate to higher costs.
Situation géographique
Installation costs for geothermal systems can also depend on a property’s geographic location. The following are some examples of installation cost for a geothermal heat pump in various cities:
- Dallas: $4,900 to $10,000
- Minneapolis: $2,700 to $11,000
- Chicago : $2,100 to $25,0000
- San Antonio: $14,300 to $18,100
- Atlanta: $5,100 to $27,700
- Pittsburgh: $55,600 to $61,000
Site Conditions
The geology and accessibility of a property play a large role in the final cost of a geothermal system installation. Contractors need to use heavy equipment to dig the appropriate horizontal or vertical trenches for a system’s loops. This means it’s important for a property to offer easy access to large machinery. If it’s difficult for a contractor to get the required equipment on site, the installation will likely increase.
In addition to a property’s layout, geological conditions must also be considered. Different materials are used for ground loops depending on the condition of the soil. If a property’s soil requires a more expensive material to ensure the system isn’t at risk for premature damage, the total installation cost is apt to rise.
Coûts et considérations supplémentaires
Not all geothermal heat pump installations will include the following costs, but to avoid costly surprises, homeowners will still want to keep them in mind when coming up with a budget.
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Nouvelle construction ou rénovation
If the geothermal system is being installed in a newly constructed home that doesn’t have existing ductwork, or if the existing heating system is ductless, the cost to install the new system typically falls between $450 and $2,000. Retrofitting an existing HVAC system in a home with a geothermal heat pump system can cost homeowners between $10 and $20 per linear foot.
If it takes more than a few minor alterations to convert a system to geothermal, the cost is likely to creep up. It can sometimes cost more to retrofit a system rather than install one from scratch. In fact, installation costs can be up to 40 percent lower for new construction compared to costs for a retrofit.
Well Drilling
Well drilling involves boring a hole into the ground with the hopes of extracting a natural resource. This process may be done to access natural gas or brine. With vertical geothermal furnace systems, well drilling is done to extract groundwater. In this type of install, well drilling costs between $5 and $40 per foot. But how many feet are required for an entire system? Most boreholes are 4 to 8 inches wide. They’re spaced 10 to 20 feet apart and are dug down between 100 and 500 feet. Most installations need 3 to 5 boreholes and 300 to 500 feet of piping per ton of system-heating capacity.
In other words, the cost of well drilling can add up very quickly. Working with a contractor experienced in geothermal designs can help homeowners reduce unnecessary drilling costs.
Ductwork Modifications
Upgrading ductwork can be a major budget buster when homeowners are installing a geothermal system. If there is any concern that existing ductwork may need to be modified for a new system, a homeowner can expect to pay an additional $5,000 to $20,000. Older or damaged ductwork may also need to be modified or replaced. Replacing ductwork costs between $1,400 and $5,600.
The good news is that not all system installations require ductwork modifications; in fact, for more straightforward installations with quality ductwork already in place, this potential cost can typically be avoided.
Mises à niveau électriques
When a geothermal system is being installed, electrical upgrades are sometimes required to achieve safe geothermal power for home use. This is especially true in older homes. Sometimes the upgrade can be quick and painless, while other times it can be as serious as rewiring an entire home to make sure it passes inspection after an installation.
It’s difficult to anticipate the cost of an electrical upgrade, since there are so many factors to consider. But on average, a homeowner can expect to pay between $50 and $100 per hour for an electrician, keeping in mind that this does not include parts or potential callout fees.
Efficiency Improvements
One main benefit of any type of heat pump is their energy-saving potential. So it only makes sense that a homeowner may want to investigate additional ways to improve the efficiency of their home before, during, or after a geothermal system installation.
For example, installing energy-efficient windows can help stabilize a home’s temperature and reduce residential geothermal energy use. Replacement windows cost $400 to $800 each. Upgrading insulation is another common home energy efficiency improvement; it costs between $900 and $3,000 on average.
Homeowners who aren’t sure where to start with efficiency improvements can have a home energy audit completed; this costs between $200 and $500 and can help pinpoint where a home is leaking or losing energy. And for the homeowner who wants to save energy while enjoying the benefits of a more traditional heating system, a hybrid heat pump system est toujours une option.
Desuperheater Tank System Installation
Geothermal systems aren’t just for heating and cooling a home’s air temperature. With the addition of a desuperheater tank system (a pump and heat exchanger that directs heat to the home’s water system), geothermal heat pumps can also help heat a home’s water supply.
Once installed, a desuperheater takes advantage of any excess geothermal heat. This system even helps in the winter. The heat may not be free, but it is produced at a much lower cost compared to that of a standard electric water heater.
Just like a geothermal system installation, a desuperheater tank has a high upfront cost between $1,400 and $3,000 or more. However, the energy savings it offers often mean the system pays for itself over time.
Landscape Repairs
Geothermal installation is highly disruptive to a home’s landscape. In fact, installation may not even be possible on some lots if an oversized patio, deck, or concrete slab is blocking the ideal drilling or digging location.
But on lots where installations do move forward, heavy equipment can definitely trample flower beds and bushes. This is simply due to logistics and not poor operations. So when determining a geothermal installation budget, homeowners will want to consider the price of landscape repairs; prix du gazon can range between $450 and $4,520.
If a homeowner wants to prevent as much landscape damage as possible, they may consider a vertical geothermal system. While this type costs more to install, it can be done under a driveway or prized rosebush garden with minimal disturbance to the landscape.
Permits and Regulations
Installing a geothermal system is a huge undertaking that typically requires permits and inspections to make sure local regulations are being followed. In many scenarios, the head contractor of a geothermal project will pull the permit and build it into the total project cost. But for transparency, homeowners can expect $100 to $650 of their total installation cost to be related to permits.
Homeowners considering an open-loop system will benefit from keeping in mind that regulations can come into play and that discharging groundwater can result in discharge permit fees. The amount depends on the system size, but fees for pumping water into ponds run between $2,500 and $10,000 annually.
Remises et crédits d’impôt
Most additional costs and considerations can put a homeowner over budget on their geothermal system installation, but there is one that can actually add cash right back into a homeowner’s bank account.
Through 2022, geothermal heat pumps qualify for a 26 percent tax credit. The credit will reduce to 22 percent in 2023 and is set to cease at the end of that year. This credit applies to new and existing homes as well as second homes. In some scenarios, the credit could make the cost of a geothermal installation nearly the same as for a traditional HVAC system.
But even once tax credits expire, there’s still the chance for local rebates that can help absorb some of the initial costs of a geothermal system installation.
Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps
There are four main types of geothermal heat pump systems: three closed-loop systems (horizontal, vertical, and pond) and an open-loop option. The meilleures entreprises de CVC or geothermal contractors are likely to recommend one type over the others based on factors such as climate, soil conditions, and local installation costs. The following breakdown of each type can help homeowners understand the best geothermal heat pump option for their home.
Horizontal
A horizontal geothermal heat pump system is often the most cost-effective for residential installations. It’s a closed-loop option, meaning that the tubing is buried in the ground. The system transfers heat between the antifreeze solution circulating through the closed-loop portion of the system and the refrigerant in the heat pump.
Horizontal systems are great for new construction as long as enough land is available. Trenches must be dug at latest four feet deep. Most layouts use two pipes with either one dug a couple of feet below the other or placed side by side. Most designs focus on looping the pipe to allow for more length in a shorter trench. This can cut down on installation costs and allow homeowners with less square footage to still install a horizontal geothermal system.
Horizontal loop systems cost between $15,000 and $34,000, depending on whether the pipes can be looped and overlapped or whether they need to be laid straight (highly dependent on soil type).
Verticale
Vertical geothermal systems are drilled deep into the ground. They’re typically used for large commercial buildings or schools where the land area doesn’t allow for horizontal loops. They may also be used in residential installations if the soil is too shallow for trenching.
Unfortunately, vertical loops are the most expensive type of geothermal system to install, since installation involves deep and wide boring. A vertical loop installation costs between $20,000 and $38,000.
Wondering which type of geothermal heat pump is right for you?
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Étang
While both horizontal and vertical closed-loop geothermal systems are buried in the ground, there is another option for homeowners with a body of water on their property. A pond closed-loop system involves placing the system’s pipes in an existing water source and transferring the water’s natural heat to the home. Since there is less digging, this is often the most affordable option. Closed-loop pond systems use a mixture of water and antifreeze solution and continue circulating the same water (hence the term “closed loop”).
There are minimum volume, depth, and quality requirements for a body of water being considered for a pond closed-loop system. Supply lines are run underground from the home directly into the water
